The importance of influence operations in the information environment (a.k.a. information warfare) is evident not only in the ongoing conflict in Ukraine, but also as an central part of hybrid conflict – confrontation that takes place below the threshold of open war. In this context, the high-paced development (and shut-down) of communications technologies and social media, with its highly distributed and interactive nature, has increased the complexity of pinpointing which messages were seen by whom, in which channel, and to what effect. To further complicate this already complex situation, there are non-state actors involved that may not even be directly supported by the government (e.g., hackers, citizen journalists). Due to the inherent complexity, the current scientific literature and methods are not able to provide the knowledge necessary to make informed decisions.
To date it remains unclear how the effects and effectiveness of cognitive warfare via, for example, disinformation campaigns can be assessed. The goal of this project is to develop knowledge, models and methods that provide a more fine-grained understanding of the effects of influence campaigns in today’s complex information environment. If guidelines on how to measure the effectiveness of cognitive warfare campaigns can be established then these effectiveness measurements can be used to judge the effect of own campaigns, but also establish warning systems to safeguard the own population.
Although the exact project development plan may change in the duration of the project, generally the research will be carried out in three phases: In a first phase of the project, the effect of different cognitive warfare campaigns in the past on the individual, on social groups and the society at large will be evaluated. This investigation will be enriched by a close investigation of existing literature on disinformation effects in general as well as research on behaviour-change and belief-system-change. In a second phase we will investigate whether or not it is possible to track the changes and effects of those campaigns throughout the virtual space. Furthermore it will be necessary to find behavioral or experiential proxies that may be indicative of a change happening or being likely to happen. The third phase will involve an experimental investigation, which carries forward the lessons learned from the previous phases to uncover if these effects can be measured in a controlled environment. To conclude the project, the goal is to establish a framework that can help measure and recognize effects of disinformation campaigns.
Information and application
Applications should be submitted before 16 May 2025. With your application, please include a Curriculum Vitae, a Cover Letter explaining your interest and qualifications, and optionally you may add one reference. Additionally, please include a summary/abstract of your master thesis or another project you are enthusiastic about.
Please note that a successful applicant will need a VOG. A certificate of conduct may be available to you via your municipality, online or through the Integrity and Screening Agency (Justis).
Interviews will be held in week 23 & 24.
For further information about this position, please contact José Kerstholt (jose.kerstholt@tno.nl) and Maximilian A. Friehs (m.a.friehs@utwente.nl).
More information about TNO and the Psychology of Conflict Risk and Safety section visit: https://www.tno.nl/en/ and https://www.utwente.nl/en/bms/pcrv/ respectively.
About the department
At TNO, we innovate for a healthier, safer and more sustainable life. And for a strong economy. Since 1932, we have been making knowledge and technology available for the common good. As societies grow more complex, there is a growing demand for reliable information to inform evidence-based policymaking and effective governance. We must harness the full potential of digitalisation and information technology to achieve these goals. We find each other in wonder and ingenuity. We are driven to push boundaries. There is all the space and support for your talent and ambition. You work with people who will challenge you: who inspire you and want to learn from you. What you do at TNO matters: impact makes the difference. At TNO we encourage an inclusive work environment, where you can be yourself. Whatever your story and whatever unique qualities you bring to the table. It is by combining our unique strengths and perspectives that we are able to develop innovations that make a real difference in society.
About the organisation
At the Faculty of Behavioural, Management and Social Sciences (BMS), we unite the worlds of people and technology to address today’s complex societal challenges. We are passionate about understanding human behaviour, fostering responsible innovation, and designing solutions that create societal value. Our educational programmes span disciplines such as Psychology, Business Administration, Public Administration, Communication Sciences, Philosophy, Educational Sciences, and Health Sciences. Through our bachelor’s and master’s degrees, Professional Learning & Development programmes, and interdisciplinary research themes – including Emerging Technologies & Societal Transformations, Resilience, Smart Industry, Learning, and Health – we empower students and researchers to make a positive societal impact.
At BMS, we combine critical thinking with practical action. From advancing sustainable mobility with innovations like the world’s most efficient hydrogen car to shaping policies that promote digital inclusion, our work contributes to a healthier, fairer, and more sustainable future. Whether it’s exploring how technology influences human behaviour or leveraging data and innovation to transform industries and communities, we ensure that technology serves people – and not the other way around.
As an employer, BMS offers a vibrant, inclusive, and entrepreneurial environment where you can thrive personally and professionally. Join us and become part of a forward-thinking community that equips you to shape the future – for yourself and society. With us, you will become part of a leading technical university with increasing, positive social impact.
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